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logicmanPatrick

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Jan Mayen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« on: December 10, 2016, 03:20:07 AM »
As the Arctic ice area shrinks, it leaves outside its ever-smaller perimeter geographical and bathymetric features that can no longer affect ice loss.  These regulatory factor losses must be allowed for when predicting future sea ice cover.

The Odden Ice Tongue is a prime example of a 'gatekeeper' which no longer functions.

The Odden used to extend frequently across the Jan Mayen current and act to suppress the rate of ice loss through the Fram Strait.  It also acted to suppress the northward flow of the warm north Atlantic current.  That gatekeeper function no longer exists, so trends noted since the last appearance of the Odden in 1997 do not bear direct numerical-statistical comparison with pre-1997 trends.

Further information -

http://oro.open.ac.uk/12096/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication
/248801554_Seasonal_and_interannual_variability_of_the_Odden_ice_tongue_and_a_study_of_environmental_effects

http://www.science20.com/chatter_box/arctic_tipping_points_7_can_arctic_recover

Jan Meyen effect on local meteorology -

http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=70074

« Last Edit: December 12, 2016, 09:09:33 AM by Neven »
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Neven

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Re: Jan Meyen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #1 on: December 10, 2016, 10:00:22 AM »
Great reference post, Patrick, thanks.
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logicmanPatrick

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Re: Jan Meyen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #2 on: December 10, 2016, 11:25:10 AM »
Glad you liked it, Neven.  I hope to post more contributions as and when I can spare the time and energy.
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oren

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Re: Jan Meyen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #3 on: December 10, 2016, 12:51:41 PM »
Thank you Patrick. I was not even aware of Jan Mayen's existence. I guess it also plays some bathymetric part in the separation between the North Atlantic / West Spitzbergen Current and the East Greenland Current.

logicmanPatrick

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Re: Jan Meyen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #4 on: December 11, 2016, 06:20:18 AM »
My pleasure.

Quote
I was not even aware of Jan Mayen's existence. I guess it also plays some bathymetric part in the separation between the North Atlantic / West Spitzbergen Current and the East Greenland Current.

And then some!  Jan Meyen is just a speck on a map, but in its effects on Arctic climate it punches far above its weight.
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Tor Bejnar

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Re: Jan Meyen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #5 on: December 11, 2016, 04:27:07 PM »
I had to go to Wikipedia for some basic info, so I figure others might need that too.

First, the location:  Jan Meyen, the island, is located about 71oN (vaguely 1/3rd of the way north of Iceland heading toward Svalbard.  (It is nowhere near the NE corner of Greenland, where I started looking!)  On the map in this thread's first post, the island is surrounded by a slanted white rectangle.  (The island is sort of New Zealand shaped.)  Svalbard is shown in the upper right part of that map, and the Greenland coast, toward the left, is bordered in white (as are all the land masses).
Quote
Odden ice tongue

The Odden ice tongue or simply the Odden (Odden is Norwegian word for headland) was a key winter ice formation area in the Arctic. It was known for a long time and was encountered by Fridtjof Nansen but was only fully understood with the advent of satellite imagery.[24]

The Odden had a length of about 1,300 km and covered an area of up to 330,000 km² in most years. It extended eastward from the main East Greenland ice edge in the vicinity of 72–74°N during the winter because of the presence of very cold polar surface water in the Jan Mayen Current, which diverts some water eastward from the East Greenland Current at that latitude. Most of the already formed ice continued floating south, driven by the wind, so a cold open water surface was exposed on which new ice formed as frazil ice and pancake ice in the rough seas, producing a giant tongue shape.[25] The salt rejected back into the ocean from this ice formation caused the surface water to become denser and sink, sometimes to great depths (2500 m or more), making this one of the few regions of the ocean where winter convection occurred, which helped drive the entire worldwide system of surface and deep currents known as the thermohaline circulation.[15][16] Since the 1990s, the Odden Ice Tongue rarely develops.[citation needed]
[emphases added]

Edit:  screen print from Google Maps with place names thread.
« Last Edit: December 11, 2016, 04:39:31 PM by Tor Bejnar »
Arctic ice is healthy for children and other living things because "we cannot negotiate with the melting point of ice"

logicmanPatrick

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Re: Jan Meyen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #6 on: December 12, 2016, 01:19:39 AM »
Tor: that's a great addition to this thread.  Thanks.

btw, Jan Mayen is often described as being tea-spoon shaped.  This is of course no help to coffeee drinkers.   ;D
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Martin Gisser

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Re: Jan Meyen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #7 on: December 12, 2016, 01:56:46 AM »
A photo from Jan Mayen beach is perhaps why me toe dippin wimp fell in love with the Arctic, dreaming of a cozy hut there with a fireplace and a sauna fed by driftwood...


http://www.boomsbeat.com/articles/4939/20140606/35-breathtaking-photos-of-jan-mayen-in-norway.htm






BTW typo in thread title
« Last Edit: December 12, 2016, 02:03:35 AM by Martin Gisser »

logicmanPatrick

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Re: Jan Meyen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #8 on: December 12, 2016, 02:25:06 AM »
Martin: I really like those crazy rock formations and black sand.  I wouldn't want to live there, though.  That firewood would soon run out.  As Fridtjof Nansen proved: the ice carries wood from Siberia via the transpolar drift.  Reduced ice = reduced firewood.

I don't know how to fix the title typo.  Neven!  Help!   :-[
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Neven

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Re: Jan Mayen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #9 on: December 12, 2016, 09:10:40 AM »
I've modified your title, but you should be able to do so as well (top right in the comment you want to modify).
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charles_oil

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Re: Jan Mayen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #10 on: December 12, 2016, 09:37:09 AM »
Yes - thanks for thread.  I looked at NSIDC Chartic, and as a guess put in 1980 - sure enough you can see it develop nicely in December heading towards the winter maximum on the linked diagrams.

http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/charctic-interactive-sea-ice-graph/

A-Team

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Re: Jan Mayen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #11 on: December 12, 2016, 12:57:28 PM »
Folks, to see what has been previously posted, you have to go all the back to the topics root page and do the search there (with the correct spelling). Not from the page you are on.

To access -- and hopefully read far enough into to fix the misconceptions errors above -- all those P Wadhams/JC Comiso papers on Odden Tongue simply find an early one, google-search its complete title, and click on the site count. The wiki article was simply copy-pasted from one of these.

The Odden Tongue was an interesting phenomenon. While that's gone forever and does not seem to have been that important, we might ask if something similar could emerge elsewhere as the ice retreats, for example what we see today around the St Anna Trough east of Franz Josef.

For me, the most fascinating part of these old '90's articles was the abysmal quality of the (open source civilian) satellite imagery. We are always hearing about the satellite record going back to 1979 but what they don't tell you is how awful the imagery was. Of course, ten years from today someone will be tsktsk-ing on a hyperforum about how horrible the imagery was back in 2016.

http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/arctic-zone/essay_wadhams.html how ice forms

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19990009390.pdf
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1029/1999GL900502/asset/grl13308.pdf?v=1&t=iwl2esyo&s=d930ed15791bd588c62fcf622aa914267456e29d
http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1029/96JC01440?r3_referer=wol&tracking_action=preview_click&show_checkout=1&purchase_referrer=www.google.com&purchase_site_license=LICENSE_DENIED_NO_CUSTOMER
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2000JC000204/full
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v408/n6813/full/408634a0.html
http://booksite.elsevier.com/DPO/chapter12.html



2
Arctic sea ice / Re: Home brew AMSR2 extent & area calculation
« by Bill Fothergill on July 20, 2016, 11:20:32 AM »
......  and well defined within the limit of Jan Mayen fracture zone and the Mohns Ridge. Overall, sea  ......
3
Arctic sea ice / Re: Arctic Image of the Day
« by Espen on March 24, 2015, 08:41:32 PM »
......  "tropical" island of Jan Mayen with its lagoons along the coast: ......
4
Greenland and Arctic Circle / Re: Jakobshavn Isbræ / Ilulissat Isfjord / West Greenland
« by A-Team on November 03, 2015, 01:24:36 PM »
...... 've seen some striking eddies in airflow over Jan Mayen but here not, though presumably there is a sharp  ......
5
Arctic sea ice / Re: The 2015 melting season
« by Vergent on June 20, 2015, 05:55:39 AM »
...... /www.google.com/maps/place/Hopen,+Svalbard+and+Jan+Mayen/@74.3636453,27.4259949,4z/data=!4m2!3m1! ......
6
Arctic sea ice / Re: Short to Medium Term Arctic Sea Ice Conditions Discussion
« by jdallen on September 12, 2013, 06:39:04 PM »
...... , with a 965 Hpa Low coming in around Jan Mayen Island next week, ECMWF projects a transport band  ......
7
Arctic sea ice / Re: When will we see open ocean at the north pole?
« by gfwellman on March 31, 2013, 05:11:39 AM »
......  north from Iceland. It could also have been Jan Mayen or any other land area in the north Atlantic or  ......
8
Consequences / Re: Florida Climate Scientist Provides Alarming Projections in a Recent Interview
« by OldLeatherneck on April 09, 2015, 12:05:08 AM »
......  Nordic Seas to the east of the island of Jan Mayen. The sediments contain minute calcite tests of  ......
9
Greenland and Arctic Circle / Re: Calving into the Arctic Basin
« by Espen on March 21, 2015, 07:36:12 PM »
......  calving from Norwegian glaciers (Svalbard, Jan Mayen) and Russian glaciers (various islands)  ......
10
Developers Corner / Re: Geocoding S-1 images
« by nukefix on August 09, 2015, 11:59:11 AM »
......  and Espen have been looking at  Sptizbergen, Jan Mayen, and Iceland we don't look at too often.   ......

logicmanPatrick

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Re: Jan Mayen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #12 on: December 16, 2016, 05:27:01 AM »
A-Team: thanks for all those very useful links.

I did actually search this site for "Odden" and found little information.  Should have searched for "Jan Mayen".   ::)

I hope that collecting lots of info together under a single title will help Arcticians old and new.
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budmantis

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Re: Jan Mayen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #13 on: January 13, 2017, 07:22:06 AM »
Patrick, thanks for starting this thread. When I check the ocean temperature graphics, I always look to see what the temperature is in the area where the Odden used to form. I've been spending too much time in the politics area of the Forum to even notice this thread until today.

logicmanPatrick

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Re: Jan Mayen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #14 on: January 13, 2017, 11:22:06 AM »
budmantis: I hope this useful info will keep you out of politics for a while.  ;D

Good overview -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Mayen_Microcontinent

In depth - pun intended -
Seafloor data and mapping of the Jan Mayen Micro-Continent area, tools applied for sub-surface structural and faciesanalysis, and identification of offshore geo-hazards

Anett Blischke, Iceland GeoSurvey
Ögmundur Erlendsson, Iceland GeoSurvey
ÞórarinnS. Arnarsson, Orkustofnun
Guðrún Helgadóttir, Marine Research Institute
www.hafro.is/rad-hafsbotn14/glaerur/Anett%20Blischke.pdf

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budmantis

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Re: Jan Mayen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #15 on: January 14, 2017, 06:53:23 AM »
Thanks Patrick. A diversion from politics would be welcome, as it tends to be an exercise in futility.

Niall Dollard

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Re: Jan Mayen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #16 on: February 14, 2024, 12:16:18 AM »
It's back !

The Odden ice Tongue making an appearance this winter in its usual position just north of Jan Mayen.

In the 20th century it occurred quite frequently. The postage stamp type chart below shows the mean concs in the Fram from 1992 to 2022.

1997 and 1998 were good examples. a bit of an attempt was made in 2004 but didnt last for very long. Very little signs of it since then.

So I wonder what special conditions have allowed it to appear this winter - of all winters ?

sidd

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Re: Jan Mayen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #17 on: February 14, 2024, 11:31:38 PM »
Thanks !

sidd

johnm33

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Re: Jan Mayen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #18 on: February 15, 2024, 10:55:44 AM »
The locality

uniquorn

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Re: Jan Mayen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #19 on: February 15, 2024, 02:14:07 PM »
From A-Team's link above
http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/arctic-zone/essay_wadhams.html how ice forms

Quote
How ice forms in rough water
If the initial ice formation occurs in rough water, for instance at the extreme ice edge in rough seas such as the Greenland or Bering Seas, then the high energy and turbulence in the wave field maintains the new ice as a dense suspension of frazil, rather than forming nilas. This suspension undergoes cyclic compression because of the particle orbits in the wave field, and during the compression phase the crystals can freeze together to form small coherent cakes of slush which grow larger by accretion from the frazil ice and more solid through continued freezing between the crystals. This becomes known as pancake ice because collisions between the cakes pump frazil ice suspension onto the edges of the cakes, then the water drains away to leave a raised rim of ice which gives each cake the appearance of a pancake. At the ice edge the pancakes are only a few cm in diameter, but they gradually grow in diameter and thickness with increasing distance from the ice edge, until they may reach 3-5 m diameter and 50-70 cm thickness. The surrounding frazil continues to grow and supply material to the growing pancakes.

At greater distances inside the ice edge, where the wave field is calmed, the pancakes may begin to freeze together in groups and eventually coalesce to form first large floes, then finally a continuous sheet of first-year ice known as consolidated pancake ice. Such ice has a different bottom morphology from normal sea ice. The pancakes at the time of consolidation are jumbled together and rafted over one another, and freeze together in this way with the frazil acting as "glue". The result is a very rough, jagged bottom, with rafted cakes doubling or tripling the normal ice thickness, and with the edges of pancakes protruding upwards to give a surface topography resembling a "stony field". The rough bottom is an excellent substrate for algal growth and a refuge for krill. The thin ice permits much light to penetrate, and the result is a fertile winter ice ecosystem.

In the Arctic, a key area where pancake ice forms the dominant ice type over an entire region is the so-called Odden ice tongue in the Greenland Sea. The Odden (the word is Norwegian for headland) grows eastward from the main East Greenland ice edge in the vicinity of 72-74°N during the winter because of the presence of very cold polar surface water in the Jan Mayen Current, which diverts some water eastward from the East Greenland Current at that latitude. Most of the old ice continues south, driven by the wind, so a cold open water surface is exposed on which new ice forms as frazil and pancake in the rough seas. The salt rejected back into the ocean from this ice formation causes the surface water to become more dense and sink, sometimes to great depths (2500 m or more), making this one of the few regions of the ocean where winter convection occurs, which helps drive the entire worldwide system of surface and deep currents known as the thermohaline circulation (or "Great Ocean Conveyor Belt").


<>
The Odden ice feature of the Greenland Sea and its association with atmospheric pressure, wind, and surface flux variability from reanalyses
Jeffrey C. Rogers, Meng-Pai Hung
First published: 26 April 2008
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032938

Quote
Abstract
 The Odden sea ice feature of the Greenland Sea is identified in a rotated principal component analysis of Hadley Center winter sea ice concentration data extending from 1951–2005. Time series of the Odden ice extent are evaluated in the context of sea level pressure, surface wind, air temperature, cloud, and energy flux variations using NCEP-NCAR reanalyses. Odden was a recurring feature in winters 1966–1972, during the Great Salinity Anomaly (GSA), and appeared occasionally in the 1980s and 1990s but has occurred rarely since 2000. Odden formation is associated with northernmost Atlantic high pressure, a negative North Atlantic Oscillation, and anomalous westerly winds. Its formation is most highly correlated, however, to air temperature and fluxes of sensible/latent heat, and downward longwave radiation. Air temperature and downward longwave flux anomalies in the preceding autumn are also unusually low in advance of a winter Odden ice cover while heat fluxes are weakly positive. All parameters, including the ice cover anomaly, exhibit significant winter to winter persistence over time.



Two modes of appearance of the Odden ice tongue in the Greenland Sea
Peter Wadhams, Josefino C. Comiso
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/1999GL900502

Quote
Conclusions
  Two basic types of Odden features have been identified. The first, which we term a thermodynamic Odden, is definitely a winter feature, occurring between November and late April or early May. It  is composed primarily of locally formed frazil and pancake ice, although a few older floes may occur within this matrix (as was seen by one of the authors in March 1997 aboard the Jan Mayen. The ice grows during cold air outbreaks, may suffer a number of partial meltbacks, and changes shape (tongue, island, bulge) due to wind stress. Locally, high salt fluxes may occur due to ice formation, with consequences for the destabilization of the surface water and the initiation of convection.
  The second, rarer, type of feature is an advective Odden, which shows itself in a pure form in spring or summer when thermodynamic conditions do not permit new ice growth. It is composed of older ice (first- and/or multi-year) derived from the East Greenland Current, in the form of floes of moderate diameters (5-20 m) and thicknesses of 1-2 m with occasional ridge remnants achieving 7  m. Local melt, the consequences of which were detected in September 1996, would act to freshen and stabilize the surface water.
  During the years 1979-1997 no Odden developed in 1984, 1994, and 1995. In all other years a thermodynamic Odden developed, while in 1987 and 1996 a late-season advective Odden was observed after the thermodynamic Odden had disappeared. Other time periods when the advective Odden may have occurred to a minor degree, as suggested by satellite images, were in spring of 1982, 1988, 1989, 1991, and 1992.
  A thermodynamic Odden provides a mechanism for preconditioning surface water toward convection through a salt flux due to local net growth of frazil-pancake ice, whereas an advective Odden causes the introduction of meltwater that stabilizes the water column. The Greenland Sea is one of only a few areas in the world ocean where ventilation occurs through open ocean convection [Killworth, 1983], and there is strong evidence through tracers and hydrographic data that convection has weakened and become more shallow in recent years [Rhein, 1991 ]. In estimating the role of Odden in these oceanographic changes, it is therefore necessary to be able to discriminate between these two modes of appearance of the ice regime in the region.

uniquorn

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Re: Jan Mayen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #20 on: February 18, 2024, 02:00:52 PM »
aqua modis, odden ice tongue, feb16-17

morganism

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Re: Jan Mayen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #21 on: February 20, 2024, 08:56:38 PM »
i immediately thought of Shelly's Frankenstein when i saw this thread, not sure why.....

uniquorn

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Re: Jan Mayen and the Odden Ice Tongue
« Reply #22 on: March 19, 2024, 10:12:39 AM »
A brief reappearance suggests the low salinity is ongoing
« Last Edit: March 19, 2024, 02:04:31 PM by uniquorn »