Brazilians 'struggling to breathe' as Amazon burnshttps://phys.org/news/2024-08-brazilians-struggling-amazon.htmlResidents of Porto Velho in the Brazilian Amazon have barely seen sunlight in days as a thick cloud of smoke from forest fires envelops their city.
"We are struggling to breathe," said 30-year-old teacher Tayane Moraes, one of some 460,000 people who live in the city near the border with Bolivia.
On Tuesday, the concentration of cancer-causing microparticles known as PM2.5 reached 56.5 micrograms per cubic meter of air in Porto Velho—11 times more than the limit recommended by the World Health Organization and the worst of Brazil's big cities.
On August 14, the level was a "dangerous" 246.4 micrograms per cubic meter, according to the IQAir monitoring company.
According to data collected by satellites of Brazil's INPE Space Research Institute, Rondonia has just had its worst month of July for forest fires in 19 years with 1,618 confirmed outbreaks.
So far in August, there have been 2,114.
The Amazon as a whole has recorded more than 42,000 forest fires from January 1 to August 19, according to the INPE, the worst number in nearly two decades.
That number was 87 percent higher than in the same period of 2023.
The Amazon suffered a historic drought between June and November last year.
INPE's satellite images show a plume of smoke crossing Brazil from north to south, also passing through neighbors Bolivia and Paraguay.
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Amazonian drought may have long-lasting effects on carbon cyclehttps://phys.org/news/2024-08-amazonian-drought-effects-carbon.htmlThe 2015–2016 El Niño hit the Amazon basin hard, causing a drought that severely reduced aboveground vegetation and caused the basin to release nearly 1 gigaton of carbon into the atmosphere.
Junjie Liu and colleagues found that whereas it took more than a year for aboveground biomass to recover, the Amazon's recovery from the total carbon loss, including belowground biomass and soil carbon, took even longer. In fact, total carbon stocks across the basin had still not returned to predrought levels by the end of 2018.
The study, appearing in AGU Advances, examined three distinct areas of the Amazon—the northeast, the tropical west-southwest rainforest, and the southeast dry savanna. The researchers used nine years of monthly satellite data on gross primary production, fire emissions, and net biosphere exchange to examine how drought-induced atmospheric and soil dryness affected carbon fluxes.
They reported that the northeastern Amazon, the region hardest hit by the drought, still faced a cumulative loss of 0.6 gigaton of carbon by December 2018 as a result of the 2015–2016 El Niño. The deficit was mainly due to reduced photosynthesis (and accompanying carbon uptake) by water-stressed vegetation.