I'm pretty confident that the major things happening before 2030 will be the ones that are directly caused by humans instead of climate related. What makes AGW such a nasty problem is its slow progress and accumulating effects. When things get really bad it will be too late to prevent them, but it's unlikely we will be there during the next decade.
1990's gave us the fall and breakup of the Soviet bloc, unified Europe and the Internet, just to mention a few.
2000's gave us 9/11, American led wars in the Middle East, turboboosted globalisation, the rise of China and the financial crisis.
2010's gave us Arab Spring, resurgent Russia, the POTUS Trump and the mess of brexit.
I'm not even trying to guess what will happen in 2020's but it will be huge and we will not expect it.
Before 2030 SLR will probably increase somewhat, the Arctic may or may not have a year below 1 million km2 at the September minimum, weather will get weirder and weather related disasters bigger and more common. I hope global emissions will peak before 2030 but at the moment it's difficult to believe this will happen.
I think there will be a year before 2030 when weather related poor crops in certain major agricultural regions cause food prices to rise high enough to cause significant political upheavals among the world's poor and unstable countries and their peoples. It could be debated whether Arab Spring already falls into this category, but what I mean is a chain of events that makes such a debate meaningless. Farmers need certain predictability to choose right crops and farming methods and constant change in climate and local weather will at some point make this extremely difficult.