Since this thread does not contain a "for humans" qualification, i post an article about ecological tipping points for ecosystems. Of course, when ecosystems collapse, human societies do too...
"The projected timing of abrupt ecological disruption from climate change," Trisos et al., Nature (2020)
doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2189-9
"exposure events involving larger fractions of species are projected to occur more abruptly. This near-simultaneous exposure among multiple species could have sudden and devastating effects on local biodiversity and ecosystem services."
"even under RCP 2.6 (1.75 °C mean warming), 9% of assemblages are at some risk of abrupt exposure (Fig. 4a), and this increases to 35% of assemblages under RCP 8.5"
but
"We do not consider the potential for immigration of species from elsewhere to offset local biodiversity losses;"
nevertheless:
"at the very least, our results show that within 30 years, continued high emissions will drive a sudden shift across many ecological assemblages to climate conditions under which we have almost no knowledge of the ability of their constituent species to survive."
I attach fig 4. The complete caption, which was cut off in the image is:
"Fig. 4 | The risk of high-magnitude, abrupt assemblage exposure events. a–c, Risk is shown for all species under RCP 2.6 (a), all species under RCP 8.5 (b) and single taxonomic groups under RCP 8.5 (c). Risk is calculated as the proportion of 22 climate models in which an abrupt exposure event is projected to occur before 2100. Assemblages that avoid abrupt exposure events across all 22 models are in grey. In a, b, abrupt exposure events are defined as when more than 20% of all species in an assemblage are exposed in a single decade. In c, abrupt exposure events are defined when any single group of organisms (for example, amphibians or corals) within an assemblage experiences the exposure of more than 20% of its constituent species in a single decade, highlighting the widespread risk of abrupt ecological disruption."
sidd