actual temp. With heavy rainfall. Surreal
The freezing season is not going so well off Alaska either, 1st image and animation.
Rebecca Woodgate from the PSC would have info on this
Actually that paper, to the extent it deals with summers 2014-16, is somewhat passé given the rate of change in the Arctic.
More to the point is Woodgate's summer 2017 rent-a-cruise mooring retrievals. This is actually a detailed fascinating trip log that shows the dicey nature of oceanographic research. An entire year can be wasted because of biofouling of a seabed cable release mechanism, snagging of lines by passing trawlers, high seas during narrow operating windows, and malfunctions in data recorders.
Even though 3 Chukchi moorings make for a very sparse sample for 9 million sq km, they still represents a huge expensive effort. Actual daily data at depth is imperative though as only the ocean surface can be directly accessible to satellite. Profiling buoys don't hold their position nor operate for long. Beyond that, you are looking at long long runs of ungrounded model theories.
A big breakthrough though has come with new autonomous buoyancy gliders that can operate up and down a sawtooth depth range over a huge distances for six months or more untended, then surface and beam up their data like a satellite swath only with an extra dimension. (There's one down in the AO now but it hasn't yet reported.)
http://psc.apl.washington.edu/HLD/Bstrait/BeringStrait2017CruiseReport_Norseman2_22ndJuly2017witheventlog.pdf"Key Preliminary results. As discussed below (p.67), the mooring data show some remarkable changes this year:
(i) a remarkably warm June 2017 (~ 3°C warmer than climatology);
(ii) remarkably early arrival of warm water in the strait in spring/summer 2017 (in hourly data, ~ 15 days earlier than in any prior recorded year and ~ 1 month earlier than the average)
(iii) very late departure of warm waters from the strait in late 2016 (in hourly data, more than 20 days later than any prior recorded year)
(iv) anomalously fresh waters in winter (~1 psu lower in winter, ~0.5 psu lower in the annual mean)
(v) a record maximum freshwater flux in 2016, of ~ 3500km3/yr (relative to 34.8 psu)
(vi) record high northward flows in fall 2016 (in 30-day smoothed data).
Key Statistics: 3 moorings recovered, 3 moorings deployed, 342 CTD casts on 19 CTD lines"
Meanwhile, on the thin ice front:
Warm Winter, Thin Ice?
Julienne Stroeve et al review: 04 Jan 2018
https://www.the-cryosphere-discuss.net/tc-2017-287/tc-2017-287.pdf free fulll
Winter 2016/2017 saw record warmth over the Arctic Ocean, leading to the least amount of freezing degree days
north of 70° N since at least 1979. The impact of this warmth was evaluated using model simulations from the Los Alamos sea-ice model (CICE) and CryoSat-2 thickness estimates from three different data providers.
While CICE simulations show a broad region of anomalously thin ice in April 2017 relative to the 2011–2017 mean, analysis of three CryoSat-2 products show more limited regions with thin ice and do not always agree with each other, both in magnitude and direction of thickness anomalies.
CICE is further used to diagnose feedback processes driving the observed anomalies, showing 11–13 cm reduced thermodynamic ice growth over the Arctic domain used in this study compared to the 2011–2017 mean, and dynamical contributions of +1 to +4 cm.
Finally, CICE model simulations from 1985–2017 indicate the negative feedback relationship between ice growth and winter air temperatures may be starting to weaken, showing decreased winter ice growth since 2012 as winter air temperatures have increased and the freeze-up has been further delayed.